Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each capsule contains enteric coated pallets equivalent to 20mg omeprazole.

Therapeutic indications:

• Prevention of relapse of duodenal ulcers
• Treatment of gastric ulcers
• Prevention of relapse of gastric ulcers
• Treatment of NSAID-associated gastric and duodenal ulcers
• In combination with appropriate antibiotics, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication in peptic ulcer disease

Mechanism of action:

a racemic mixture of two enantiomers reduces gastric acid secretion through a highly targeted mechanism of action. It is a specific inhibitor of the acid pump in the parietal cell. It is rapidly acting and provides control through reversible inhibition of gastric acid secretion with once daily dosing. Omeprazole is a weak base and is concentrated and converted to the active form in the highly acidic environment of the intracellular canaliculi within the parietal cell, where it inhibits the enzyme H+ K+-ATPase - the acid pump. This effect on the final step of the gastric acid formation process is dose-dependent and provides for highly effective inhibition of both basal acid secretion and stimulated acid secretion, irrespective of stimulus.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each capsule contains enteric coated pallets equivalent to 20mg omeprazole.

Therapeutic indications:

• Prevention of relapse of duodenal ulcers
• Treatment of gastric ulcers
• Prevention of relapse of gastric ulcers
• Treatment of NSAID-associated gastric and duodenal ulcers
• In combination with appropriate antibiotics, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication in peptic ulcer disease

Mechanism of action:

a racemic mixture of two enantiomers reduces gastric acid secretion through a highly targeted mechanism of action. It is a specific inhibitor of the acid pump in the parietal cell. It is rapidly acting and provides control through reversible inhibition of gastric acid secretion with once daily dosing. Omeprazole is a weak base and is concentrated and converted to the active form in the highly acidic environment of the intracellular canaliculi within the parietal cell, where it inhibits the enzyme H+ K+-ATPase - the acid pump. This effect on the final step of the gastric acid formation process is dose-dependent and provides for highly effective inhibition of both basal acid secretion and stimulated acid secretion, irrespective of stimulus.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each capsule contains 20 mg of esomeprazole (as magnesium trihydrate).

Therapeutic indications:

• treatment of erosive reflux esophagitis
• long-term management of patients with healed esophagitis to prevent relapse
• symptomatic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
• Treatment of dyspepsia
• Treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
• zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Mechanism of action:

Esomeprazole is a weak base and is concentrated and converted to the active form in the highly acidic environment of the secretory canaliculi of the parietal cell, where it inhibits the enzyme H+K+-ATPase – the acid pump and inhibits both basal and stimulated acid secretion

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each capsule contains 40 mg of esomeprazole (as magnesium trihydrate).

Therapeutic indications:

• treatment of erosive reflux esophagitis
• long-term management of patients with healed esophagitis to prevent relapse
• symptomatic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
• Treatment of dyspepsia
• Treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
• zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Mechanism of action:

Esomeprazole is a weak base and is concentrated and converted to the active form in the highly acidic environment of the secretory canaliculi of the parietal cell, where it inhibits the enzyme H+K+-ATPase – the acid pump and inhibits both basal and stimulated acid secretion

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each gastro-resistant tablet contains 10 mg doxylamine succinate and 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride.

Therapeutic indications:

Antem is indicated for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in women who do not respond to conservative management

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

Amino alkyl ethers

Mechanism of action:

Antem provides the action of two unrelated compounds. Doxylamine succinate (an antihistamine) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) provide anti-nauseant and antiemetic activity. Doxylamine succinate, an ethanolamine, first-generation antihistamine crosses the blood-brain barrier and exerts an antiemetic action by selectively binding to H1 receptors in the brain. Pyridoxine hydrochloride, a water-soluble vitamin, is converted to pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate. Although pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is the main active antiemetic metabolite, the other metabolites also contribute to the biological activity.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each tablet contains 20 mg piroxicam (as Beta-Cyclodextrin)

Therapeutic indications:

Pitrin (Piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin) is indicated for a variety of acute painful conditions requiring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteo-arthritis (arthrosis, degenerative joint disease), ankylosing spondylitis, musculoskeletal and joint disorders, gout, in soft-tissue disorders and in post-operative pain

Mechanism of action:

Piroxicam an NSAID complex with cyclodextrin, possess analgesic and antipyretic properties, the complex allows single molecule of NSAID to be released adjacent to the gastrointestinal mucosa, instead of crystals. Since the time contact with gastric mucosa is reduced, the risk of direct contact gastric irritation is also reduced

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each capsule contains 250mg Tranexamic Acid

Therapeutic indications:

Tranic 250mg capsules are indicated for short term use for haemorrhage or risk of haemorrhage in those with increased fibrinolysis or fibrinogenolysis. Local fibrinolysis as occurs in the following conditions:

• Prostatectomy and bladder surgery
• Menorrhagia
• Epistaxis
• Conisation of the cervix
• Traumatic hyphaema

Mechanism of action:

Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic compound which is a potent competitive inhibitor of the activation of plasminogen to plasmin. At much higher concentrations it is a non-competitive inhibitor of plasmin. The inhibitory effect of tranexamic acid in plasminogen activation by urokinase has been reported to be 6-100 times and by streptokinase 6-40 times greater than that of aminocaproic acid. The antifibrinolytic activity of tranexamic acid is approximately ten times greater than that of aminocaproic acid.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each capsule contains 500mg Tranexamic Acid

Therapeutic indications:

Tranic 500mg capsules are indicated for short term use for haemorrhage or risk of haemorrhage in those with increased fibrinolysis or fibrinogenolysis. Local fibrinolysis as occurs in the following conditions:

• Prostatectomy and bladder surgery
• Menorrhagia
• Epistaxis
• Conisation of the cervix
• Traumatic hyphaema

Mechanism of action:

Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic compound which is a potent competitive inhibitor of the activation of plasminogen to plasmin. At much higher concentrations it is a non-competitive inhibitor of plasmin. The inhibitory effect of tranexamic acid in plasminogen activation by urokinase has been reported to be 6-100 times and by streptokinase 6-40 times greater than that of aminocaproic acid. The antifibrinolytic activity of tranexamic acid is approximately ten times greater than that of aminocaproic acid.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each sachet contains 2 g of strontium ranelate.

Therapeutic indications:

Treatment of severe osteoporosis::

• in postmenopausal women
• in Men

at high risk of fracture, for whom treatment with other medicinal products approved for the treatment of osteoporosis is not possible due to, for example,contraindications or intolerance. In postmenopausal women, strontium ranelate reduces the risk of vertebral and hip fractures

Mechanism of action:

In vitro, strontium ranelate: Increases bone formation in bone tissue culture as well as osteoblast precursor replication and collagen synthesis in bone cell culture. Reduces bone resorption by decreasing osteoclast differentiation and resorbing activity. This results in a rebalance of bone turnover in favour of bone formation. The activity of strontium ranelate was studied in various non-clinical models. In particular, in intact rats, strontium ranelate increases trabecular bone mass, trabeculae number and thickness; this results in an improvement of bone strength.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each sachet contains 20mg of omeprazole powder and 1680mg of sodium bicarbonate.

Therapeutic indications:

• Duodenal Ulcer
• Gastric Ulcer
• Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
• Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis

Mechanism of action:

Omeprazole belongs to a class of antisecretory compounds, the substituted benzimidazoles, that suppress gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell. Because this enzyme system is regarded as the acid (proton) pump within the gastric mucosa, omeprazole has been characterized as a gastric acid-pump inhibitor, in that it blocks the final step of acid production

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each film-coated tablet contains 400 mg moxifloxacin (as hydrochloride).

Therapeutic indications:

Fluconazole 150mg capsule is indicated for the treatment of variety of fungal and yeast infections including; candidal vaginitis, acute or recurrent. It should also be used for treatment of partners with associated candidal balanitis.

Mechanism of action:

Fluconazole is a member of the triazole class of antifungal agents. Its primary mode of action is the inhibition of fungal cytochrome P-450- mediated 14 alpha-lanosterol demethylation, an essential step in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. The accumulation of 14 alpha-methyl sterols correlates with the subsequent loss of ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and may be responsible for the antifungal activity of fluconazole. Fluconazole has been shown to be more selective for fungal cytochrome P-450 enzymes than for various mammalian cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of fungal enzymes necessary for the synthesis of ergosterol.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each film-coated tablet contains 400 mg moxifloxacin (as hydrochloride).

Therapeutic indications:

Molam 400 mg film-coated tablets are indicated for the treatment of the following bacterial infections.

• Acute bacterial sinusitis (adequately diagnosed)
• Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (adequately diagnosed)
• Community acquired pneumonia, except severe cases
• Mild to moderate pelvic inflammatory disease

Mechanism of action:

The bactericidal action of moxifloxacin results from the inhibition of both type II topoisomerases (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription and repair. It appears that the C8-methoxy moiety contributes to enhanced activity and lower selection of resistant mutants of Gram-positive bacteria compared to the C8-H moiety. Pharmacodynamic investigations have demonstrated that moxifloxacin exhibits a concentration dependent killing rate. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were found to be in the range of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

After reconstitution each 5ml oral suspension contains 125 mg clarithromycin.

Therapeutic indications:

Clarithromycin 125 mg/5 ml suspension is indicated in adults, adolescents and children, 6 months to 12 years, for the treatment of the following acute and chronic infections, when caused by clarithromycin susceptible organisms.

• Infections of the upper respiratory tract such as tonsillitis/pharyngitis, as an alternative when beta lactam antibiotics are not appropriate
• Acute otitis media in children.
• Sinusitis and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in adults and adolescents over 12 years of age
• Skin infections and soft tissue infections of mild to moderate severity.

Mechanism of action:

Clarithromycin exerts its anti-bacterial action by binding to the 50s ribosomal sub-unit of susceptible bacteria and suppresses protein synthesis. It is highly potent against a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clarithromycin are generally two-fold lower than the MICs of erythromycin.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

After reconstitution each 5ml oral suspension contains 250 mg clarithromycin.

Therapeutic indications:

Clarithromycin 250 mg/5 ml suspension is indicated in adults, adolescents and children, 6 months to 12 years, for the treatment of the following acute and chronic infections, when caused by clarithromycin susceptible organisms.

• Infections of the upper respiratory tract such as tonsillitis/pharyngitis, as an alternative when beta lactam antibiotics are not appropriate
• Acute otitis media in children.
• Sinusitis and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in adults and adolescents over 12 years of age
• Infections of the lower respiratory tract such as community acquired pneumonia.

Mechanism of action:

Clarithromycin exerts its anti-bacterial action by binding to the 50s ribosomal sub-unit of susceptible bacteria and suppresses protein synthesis. It is highly potent against a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clarithromycin are generally two-fold lower than the MICs of erythromycin

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each prolonged release capsule contains as active ingredient 0.4mg of tamsulosin hydrochloride.

Therapeutic indications:

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).

• Infections of the upper respiratory tract such as tonsillitis/pharyngitis, as an alternative when beta lactam antibiotics are not appropriate
• Acute otitis media in children.
• Sinusitis and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in adults and adolescents over 12 years of age
• Infections of the lower respiratory tract such as community acquired pneumonia.

Mechanism of action:

Tamsulosin binds selectively and competitively to postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptors, in particular to the subtypes α1A and α1D. It does not shrink the prostate, helps to remove symptoms of BPH such as deficiency in beginning of flow of Urine, weak stream and the need to urinate often or urgently. It brings about relaxation of prostatic and urethral smooth muscle.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each film-coated tablet contains 37.5 mg tramadol hydrochloride and 325 mg paracetamol

Therapeutic indications:

Tramadol hydrochloride/Paracetamol tablets are indicated for the symptomatic treatment of moderate to severe pain. Tramadol is opioid analgesic, effective in relieving pain that does not respond to paracetamol.

Mechanism of action:

Tramadol is an opioid analgesic that acts on the central nervous system. Tramadol is a pure non selective agonists of the μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors with a higher affinity for the µ receptors. Other mechanisms which contribute to its analgesic effect are inhibition of neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline and enhancement of serotonin release. By combining tramadol with paracetamol, tramadol provides an additive analgesic effect.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each tablet contains; Iron hydroxide polymaltose complex eq. to Elemental iron 100mg and Folic Acid 0.35mg

Therapeutic indications:

Hemifol Tablets are indicated for treatment of iron deficiency and prevention of iron and folic acid deficiency before, during and after pregnancy (during lactation)

Mechanism of action:

There is evidence that a daily dose of 100mg of elemental iron is adequate to prevent development of iron deficiency in expectant mothers. If a mild iron deficiency is present when Hemifol Tablets administration is started, this will be corrected by increased absorption of Iron. The daily folate requirement rises steeply during the final trimester of pregnancy, and evidence of maternal depletion may be found. To ensure normal tissue folate levels in the mother after delivery a daily supplement of about 300 micrograms of folic acid is required during the second and third trimester of pregnancy.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each capsule contains 50mg Tramadol hydrochloride

Therapeutic indications:

The treatment of moderate to severe pain

Mechanism of action:

Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic analgesic compound. It is a non-selective pure agonist at mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors with a higher affinity for the mu receptor. Other mechanisms which may contribute to its analgesic effect are inhibition of neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and enhancement of serotonin release. Tramadol opioid activity derives from low affinity binding of the parent compound to mu-opioid receptors and higher affinity binding of the active metabolite, O-desmethyl tramadol. Compared to morphine, tramadol does not show respiratory depression when given within the analgesic dosage interval. The effect of tramadol is considered 1/10 to 1/6 the effect of morphine. The gastrointestinal motility is not affected. There is minimal effect on the cardiovascular system.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each tablet contains 40 mg of febuxostat

Therapeutic indications:

Treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in conditions where urate deposition has already occurred (including a history, or presence of, tophus and/or gouty arthritis)

Mechanism of action:

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans and is generated in the cascade of hypoxanthine → xanthine → uric acid. Both steps in the above transformations are catalyzed by xanthine oxidase (XO). Febuxostat is a 2-arylthiazole derivative that achieves its therapeutic effect of decreasing serum uric acid by selectively inhibiting XO. Febuxostat is a potent, non-purine selective inhibitor of XO (NP-SIXO) with an in vitro inhibition Ki value less than one nanomolar. Febuxostat has been shown to potently inhibit both the oxidized and reduced forms of XO. At therapeutic concentrations febuxostat does not inhibit other enzymes involved in purine or pyrimidine metabolism.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each tablet contains 80 mg of febuxostat

Therapeutic indications:

Treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in conditions where urate deposition has already occurred (including a history, or presence of, tophus and/or gouty arthritis)

Mechanism of action:

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans and is generated in the cascade of hypoxanthine → xanthine → uric acid. Both steps in the above transformations are catalyzed by xanthine oxidase (XO). Febuxostat is a 2-arylthiazole derivative that achieves its therapeutic effect of decreasing serum uric acid by selectively inhibiting XO. Febuxostat is a potent, non-purine selective inhibitor of XO (NP-SIXO) with an in vitro inhibition Ki value less than one nanomolar. Febuxostat has been shown to potently inhibit both the oxidized and reduced forms of XO. At therapeutic concentrations febuxostat does not inhibit other enzymes involved in purine or pyrimidine metabolism.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each tablet contains ciprofloxacin (as hydrochloride) 250mg

Therapeutic indications:

Lamcit 250 mg film-coated tablets are indicated for the treatment of the following infections. Special attention should be paid to available information on resistance to ciprofloxacin before commencing therapy.

Lower respiratory tract infections due to Gram-negative bacteria

exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

broncho-pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis or in bronchiectasis

pneumonia

Mechanism of action:

As a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, ciprofloxacin acts on the DNA-DNA-gyrase complex and topoisomerase IV.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each tablet contains ciprofloxacin (as hydrochloride) 500mg

Therapeutic indications:

Lamcit 500 mg film-coated tablets are indicated for the treatment of the following infections. Special attention should be paid to available information on resistance to ciprofloxacin before commencing therapy.

Lower respiratory tract infections due to Gram-negative bacteria

exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

broncho-pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis or in bronchiectasis

pneumonia

Mechanism of action:

As a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, ciprofloxacin acts on the DNA-DNA-gyrase complex and topoisomerase IV.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each capsule contains 150 mg of erdosteine

Therapeutic indications:

As an expectorant. For the symptomatic treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults

Mechanism of action:

Erdosteine, active substance of Ercopd, in addition to its mucolytic properties on bronchial mucus thus facilitating expectoration, shows effects in antagonizing the local formation of free radicals and inhibiting the activity of the elastase enzyme. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Erdosteine does not possess these properties as such, but it is active only after metabolization. In fact, the SH groups, to which the activity is ascribed, are chemically blocked and become free only after metabolization or in alkaline environment. This property guarantees a good palatability with no bad taste and mercaptanic regurgitations, and a good gastric tolerability.

Qualitative and quantitative composition:

Each 5ml of reconstituted suspension contains 175mg of Erdosteine

Therapeutic indications:

As an expectorant. For the symptomatic treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults

Mechanism of action:

Erdosteine, active substance of Ercopd, in addition to its mucolytic properties on bronchial mucus thus facilitating expectoration, shows effects in antagonizing the local formation of free radicals and inhibiting the activity of the elastase enzyme. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Erdosteine does not possess these properties as such, but it is active only after metabolization. In fact, the SH groups, to which the activity is ascribed, are chemically blocked and become free only after metabolization or in alkaline environment. This property guarantees a good palatability with no bad taste and mercaptanic regurgitations, and a good gastric tolerability.